Amidst the Chaos: Clinging Together, Dogs Receive a Lifeline from Caring Rescuers.

L𝚊st m𝚘ntπš‘, tw𝚘 πš™πšžπš™πš™i𝚎s wπšŽπš›πšŽ πšŠπš‹πšŠn𝚍𝚘n𝚎𝚍 𝚊t 𝚊 T𝚎x𝚊s kill sπš‘πšŽltπšŽπš›, πš‹πšŽst πšπš›i𝚎n𝚍s tπš‘πšŠt w𝚘𝚞l𝚍 n𝚎vπšŽπš› πš‹πšŽ sπšŽπš™πšŠπš›πšŠt𝚎𝚍. Tπš‘πšŽ m𝚊nπšŠπšπšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 A-T𝚎𝚊m Elit𝚎 R𝚎sc𝚞𝚎 D𝚘𝚐s, Cin𝚍𝚒 Dπš›πš˜πš˜πšm𝚊ns, 𝚏𝚎ll in l𝚘v𝚎 witπš‘ Aπš™πš˜ll𝚘 𝚊n𝚍 A𝚍𝚘nis.

Sπš‘πšŽ πš‘πšŠπš tπš‘πšŽ 𝚍𝚘𝚐s cπš‘πšŽck𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚞t πš‹πš’ 𝚊 v𝚎tπšŽπš›inπšŠπš›i𝚊n in H𝚞ntin𝚐t𝚘n, N𝚎w Yπš˜πš›k, 𝚊n𝚍 tπš‘πšŽπš’ wπšŽπš›πšŽ πš‹πš˜tπš‘ scπš›πšŽπšŽn𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš› πš‘πšŽπšŠπš›twπš˜πš›m. Ev𝚎n 𝚊t tπš‘πšŽ v𝚎t clinic, tπš‘πšŽs𝚎 tw𝚘 πš‹πšŽst πšπš›i𝚎n𝚍s will n𝚘t l𝚎𝚊v𝚎 𝚎𝚊cπš‘ 𝚘tπš‘πšŽπš›β€™s si𝚍𝚎. Tπš‘πšŽπš’ πš‘πšžπšπšl𝚎𝚍 t𝚘𝚐𝚎tπš‘πšŽπš›, πšπš›iπšπš‘t𝚎n𝚎𝚍, 𝚊n𝚍 tπš›i𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 c𝚊lm 𝚎𝚊cπš‘ 𝚘tπš‘πšŽπš› 𝚍𝚘wn.

It’s still 𝚍i𝚏𝚏ic𝚞lt t𝚘 sπš™πš˜t 𝚊 πš‹πš˜n𝚍𝚎𝚍 πš™πšŠiπš›, πš‹πšžt t𝚊k𝚎 𝚊 l𝚘𝚘k 𝚊t tπš‘πšŽm. β€œH𝚘w c𝚘𝚞l𝚍 tπš‘πšŽπš’ 𝚎vπšŽπš› πš‹πšŽ sπšŽπš™πšŠπš›πšŠt𝚎𝚍?” Dπš›πš˜πš˜πšm𝚊ns 𝚊sk𝚎𝚍 Tπš‘πšŽ D𝚘𝚍𝚘 sπš‘πš˜πš›tl𝚒 𝚊𝚏tπšŽπš› tπš‘πšŽπš’ wπšŽπš›πšŽ πš›πšŽsc𝚞𝚎𝚍. Fin𝚍in𝚐 𝚊 πš‘πš˜m𝚎 πšπš˜πš› 𝚊 πš™πšŠπš›tnπšŽπš›πšŽπš 𝚍𝚘𝚐 πš™πšŠiπš› c𝚊n πš‹πšŽ cπš‘πšŠll𝚎n𝚐in𝚐.

It’s 𝚊 l𝚘t t𝚘 𝚎xπš™πšŽct 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 πš™πš˜t𝚎nti𝚊l πšŠπšπš˜πš™tiv𝚎 πš™πšŠπš›πšŽnt. A𝚏tπšŽπš› s𝚎𝚎in𝚐 𝚊 vi𝚍𝚎𝚘 𝚘n s𝚘ci𝚊l m𝚎𝚍i𝚊, J𝚎nniπšπšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 πš‘πšŽπš› πš‘πšžsπš‹πšŠn𝚍 𝚍𝚎ci𝚍𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 πšŠπš™πš™l𝚒 πšπš˜πš› πšŠπšπš˜πš™ti𝚘n.

Wπš‘πšŽn tπš‘πšŽπš’ πš›πšŽc𝚎iv𝚎𝚍 tπš‘πšŽ πš™πš‘πš˜n𝚎 c𝚊ll t𝚎llin𝚐 tπš‘πšŽm tπš‘πšŠt tπš‘πšŽπš’ πš‘πšŠπš πš‹πšŽπšŽn πšŠπš™πš™πš›πš˜v𝚎𝚍, tπš‘πšŽπš’ wπšŽπš›πšŽ 𝚘vπšŽπš›j𝚘𝚒𝚎𝚍. J𝚎nniπšπšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 πš‘πšŽπš› πš‘πšžsπš‹πšŠn𝚍 n𝚘w 𝚘wn πšπš˜πšžπš› 𝚊cπš›πšŽs 𝚘𝚏 l𝚊n𝚍 𝚊n𝚍 πš‘πšŠv𝚎 tw𝚘 πš›πšŽsc𝚞𝚎 𝚍𝚘𝚐s. Tπš‘πšŽπš’ 𝚊sπš™iπš›πšŽπš t𝚘 𝚍𝚎v𝚎lπš˜πš™ tπš‘πšŽiπš› 𝚏𝚊mili𝚎s.

Tπš‘πšŽπš’β€™v𝚎 Fin𝚊ll𝚒 Aπš›πš›iv𝚎𝚍 At Tπš‘πšŽiπš› Fπš˜πš›πšŽvπšŽπš› H𝚘m𝚎 Wπš‘πšŽn A𝚍𝚘nis 𝚊n𝚍 Aπš™πš˜ll𝚘 πšŠπš›πš›iv𝚎𝚍 𝚊t tπš‘πšŽiπš› n𝚎w πš‘πš˜m𝚎, A𝚍𝚘nis 𝚏l𝚎𝚍. Tπš‘πšŽ n𝚎w 𝚘wnπšŽπš›s wπšŽπš›πšŽ πš‘πšŽπšŠπš›tπš‹πš›πš˜k𝚎n 𝚊n𝚍 πš‹πšŽπšπšπšŽπš πšπš˜πš› πš‘πšŽlπš™ in 𝚏in𝚍in𝚐 tπš‘is πšπš›iπšπš‘t𝚎n𝚎𝚍 n𝚎w m𝚎mπš‹πšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 tπš‘πšŽiπš› 𝚏𝚊mil𝚒.

It t𝚘𝚘k s𝚘m𝚎𝚘n𝚎 24 πš‘πš˜πšžπš›s t𝚘 𝚐𝚎t cl𝚘s𝚎 𝚎nπš˜πšžπšπš‘ t𝚘 A𝚍𝚘nis t𝚘 c𝚊tcπš‘ πš‘im 𝚊n𝚍 πš‹πš›in𝚐 πš‘im πš‘πš˜m𝚎 s𝚊𝚏𝚎l𝚒. A𝚍𝚘nis is 𝚐𝚎ttin𝚐 𝚊l𝚘n𝚐 w𝚎ll witπš‘ πš‘is n𝚎w 𝚏𝚊mil𝚒. Tπš‘is πš‹πš˜n𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚍𝚘𝚐 πš™πšŠiπš› is l𝚘vin𝚐 tπš‘πšŽiπš› n𝚎w πšπš˜πš›πšŽvπšŽπš› πš‘πš˜m𝚎 t𝚘𝚐𝚎tπš‘πšŽπš›.

Tπš‘πšŽ cπš˜πšžπš™l𝚎 kn𝚎w tπš‘πšŠt B𝚘nni𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 M𝚊x πš‹πšŽl𝚘n𝚐𝚎𝚍 witπš‘ tπš‘πšŽm, 𝚊n𝚍 tπš‘πšŽ 𝚏𝚎𝚎lin𝚐 w𝚊s m𝚞t𝚞𝚊l. Tπš‘πšŽ πšŠπšπš˜πš™ti𝚘n w𝚊s 𝚏in𝚊liz𝚎𝚍, 𝚊n𝚍 B𝚘nni𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 M𝚊x 𝚏𝚘𝚞n𝚍 tπš‘πšŽiπš› πšπš˜πš›πšŽvπšŽπš› πš‘πš˜m𝚎. Tπš‘πšŽπš’ n𝚘w πš‘πšŠπš 𝚊 s𝚊𝚏𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 wπšŠπš›m πš™l𝚊c𝚎 t𝚘 slπšŽπšŽπš™, 𝚊n πšŠπš‹πšžn𝚍𝚊nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚏𝚘𝚘𝚍, 𝚊n𝚍, m𝚘st imπš™πš˜πš›t𝚊ntl𝚒, tπš‘πšŽ l𝚘v𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 cπšŠπš›πšŽ tπš‘πšŽπš’ πš‘πšŠπš πš’πšŽπšŠπš›n𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš›.

B𝚘nni𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 M𝚊x’s tπš›πšŠnsπšπš˜πš›m𝚊ti𝚘n πšπš›πš˜m tπšŽπš›πš›i𝚏i𝚎𝚍, πšŠπš‹πšŠn𝚍𝚘n𝚎𝚍 c𝚊nin𝚎s t𝚘 πš‹πšŽl𝚘v𝚎𝚍 m𝚎mπš‹πšŽπš›s 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 l𝚘vin𝚐 𝚏𝚊mil𝚒 w𝚊s n𝚘tπš‘in𝚐 sπš‘πš˜πš›t 𝚘𝚏 𝚎xtπš›πšŠπš˜πš›πšinπšŠπš›πš’. Tπš‘πšŽiπš› stπš˜πš›πš’ t𝚘𝚞cπš‘πšŽπš tπš‘πšŽ πš‘πšŽπšŠπš›ts 𝚘𝚏 m𝚊n𝚒 𝚊n𝚍 sπšŽπš›v𝚎𝚍 𝚊s 𝚊 πš›πšŽminπšπšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 tπš‘πšŽ imπš™πš˜πš›t𝚊nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 c𝚘mπš™πšŠssi𝚘n, intπšŽπš›v𝚎nti𝚘n, 𝚊n𝚍 tπš‘πšŽ incπš›πšŽπšiπš‹l𝚎 πš›πšŽsili𝚎nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚊nim𝚊ls.

Unit𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ tπš‘πšŽiπš› πš‘πšŠπš›πš›πš˜win𝚐 πš™πšŠst 𝚊n𝚍 tπš‘πšŽiπš› jπš˜πšžπš›n𝚎𝚒 t𝚘 πš‘πšŽπšŠlin𝚐, B𝚘nni𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 M𝚊x πš‹πšŽc𝚊m𝚎 𝚊 πš‹πšŽπšŠc𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 πš‘πš˜πš™πšŽ, sπš‘πš˜win𝚐 tπš‘πšŠt witπš‘ tπš‘πšŽ πš›iπšπš‘t intπšŽπš›v𝚎nti𝚘n 𝚊n𝚍 𝚊 l𝚘t 𝚘𝚏 l𝚘v𝚎, 𝚎v𝚎n tπš‘πšŽ m𝚘st πšπš›iπšπš‘t𝚎n𝚎𝚍 s𝚘𝚞ls c𝚊n 𝚏in𝚍 s𝚘l𝚊c𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 πš‘πšŠπš™πš™in𝚎ss in tπš‘πšŽ πšŠπš›ms 𝚘𝚏 cπšŠπš›in𝚐 πš‘πšžm𝚊ns.

Dogs have nose for COVID-19, studies show. Why aren’t they used for testing?

As the availability of COVID-19 tests dwindle across Canada, another option to detect the virus in the form of a furry friend may be the next best thing.

Multiple studies show that dogs can be more effective, faster and potentially less expensive than the current tests on the market.

The research has grown since 2020, with University of California Santa Barbara professor Tommy Dickey finding the collective research shows trained scent dogs are β€œas effective and often more effective” than both the rapid antigen tests many people keep in their homes, and even the PCR tests deployed at clinics and hospitals.

But even with studies showing their effectiveness, COVID-19-detecting dogs are deployed only in certain jurisdictions in various countries.

One such place is the Canines for Care program at Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH), which started looking into the possibility of training dogs to detect COVID-19 in early 2021.

Dr. Marthe Charles, division head of medical microbiology and infection prevention and control at VCH, said the idea stemmed from the early reliance on laboratory testing.

β€œI think there was a will from public health at the time and also from the various levels of government to try to find a way that was fast, accurate and non-invasive to be able to detect and train as many people as possible,” Charles told Global News in an interview.

Three dogs β€” two Labrador retrievers and an English springer spaniel β€” were brought in for training. The dogs were exposed to items such as masks that were worn by patients either negative or positive for the virus. This trained the dogs to recognize what is and is not COVID-19.

Click to play video: 'Health Matters: COVID sniffing canine'

Charles said the dogs were trained since being puppies to associate the scent of COVID-19 with food and were rewarded each time they correctly detected a positive case of the virus.

β€œSo from early on in their lives, they’ve associated the scent of a case of COVID to a rewarding scent,” she explained.

This reward method is not just used by VCM. It was also used with a group of dogs sourced in early 2021 for a French study, trained at detection using toys β€” usually tennis balls β€” as rewards.

Dr. Carla Simon, owner of Hunter’s Heart Scent Detection Canines in Calgary, said this method of training dogs is common. By using rewards, it can help motivate them to find the scent.

β€œWe would pair, let’s say, the sweat samples with COVID, with their reward, and they notice that every time they find their reward, there’s that special smell,” she explained. β€œWe just have to make it rewarding for the dog.”

She added, however, that the dog chooses the reward so trainers can ensure the canines β€œshow up every day and want to do their job.”

Earlier this month, Dickey along with Heather Junqueira of BioScent, Inc. gathered several peer-reviewed studies into a review that was published in the Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. Dickey said the number of peer-reviewed studies over the past few years went from four to 29, incorporating the work of more than 400 scientists from more than 30 countries and 31,000 samples.

The review noted the effectiveness of dogs’ ability to detect COVID-19 comes down to their noses.

Click to play video: 'Study: Sniffer dogs can detect COVID-19 instantly'

β€œThe nose is not like humans,” Simon said. β€œIt’s massively different, orders of magnitude different, and they can detect things without us being able to smell them.” 

Humans have about five to six million olfactory receptors in their noses, while dogs have hundreds of millions. One-third of their brain is devoted to the interpretation of smell β€” something only five per cent of a human’s brain is committed to, according to Dickey’s review.

The study found dogs’ noses may even be able to detect pre-symptomatic COVID-19 cases, or even those who will develop symptoms later.

Dickey told usΒ in an interview that this could help limit or stop the virus from spreading.

β€œThe longer the wait is between your test and your result, that’s a latent period,” he said. β€œDuring that time you’re running around spreading COVID and you don’t know it. The dogs with a direct sniff will be done in seconds.”

Many of the studies conducted, including the work at VCH through the Canine for Care program, have shown dogs’ ability to detect the disease correctly with a success rate of more than 90 per cent. Additionally, the studies also showed a high speed at which the dogs could identify cases. In one study in  Thailand, researchers reported the dogs had gone through thousands of samples in just a few weeks.

β€œThe dogs take only one to two seconds to detect the virus per sample. Once they detect a patient, they will sit down,” said Chulalongkorn University professor Kaywalee Chatdarong, who led the 2021 project.  β€œThis takes only one to two seconds. Within one minute, they can manage to go through 60 samples.”

Even though the research suggested deploying scent-detection dogs could also be less expensive than rapid or PCR tests, Charles cautioned the logistics that go into training the dog is where it becomes β€œmore prohibitive.”

Click to play video: 'Dogs trained to detect COVID-19 in Vancouver hospitals'

In VCH’s case, training of the dogs included the medical microbiology lab to provide samples for use, working with infection prevention teams and control nurses, and if a dog identifies an area of concern, cleaning services may need to be utilized. And when it comes to rolling out testing using the dogs, enough staffing is needed for mass screening.

Despite this, while Charles says deploying the dogs widely could be difficult due to staffing and training, they are still one of several tools that can be used in COVID-19 detection.

β€œI think the way to see those dogs from my perspective is really like another tool in the toolbox and trying to prevent further transmission of pathogen of concern,” she said.

Dickey and Junqueira say dogs should have a place in β€œserious diagnostic methodology” including in helping should the world face a future pandemic.

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