The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Freddie Mercury urged his former partner to keep his secret hidden, her subsequent actions are haunting
Freddie Mercury, born Farrokh Bulsara, has left an indelible mark on the music world, despite passing away over 30 years ago. His extraordinary voice continues to resonate, reminding us of the brilliance of his life, which he lived to the fullest despite facing significant challenges.
As he lay dying in his cherished home, his thoughts were focused on one person: Mary Austin. She was not only the love of his life but also the only person who knew where his ashes were to be scattered after his death.
Many artists have briefly captured the spotlight, but few reach the iconic status of Mercury, whose influence endures. Alongside the band Queen, he created timeless hits like “Bohemian Rhapsody” and “We Are the Champions”. To this day, Queen’s “Greatest Hits” remains the best-selling album in the UK.
Freddie’s journey to stardom was fraught with hardships. Born on September 5, 1946, in Zanzibar, his family fled to England when he was young, seeking a better life. It was here that he adopted the name Freddie, and his passion for music began to flourish, despite his parents’ initial disapproval.
Freddie’s talent shone brightly, particularly as he collaborated with future bandmates, ultimately establishing Queen. Their success was meteoric, with Mercury’s voice only becoming stronger over time. Hits like “We Will Rock You” and “Don’t Stop Me Now” showcased his extraordinary talent.
In his personal life, Mercury’s bond with Mary Austin was profound. Though they were engaged and later separated, their friendship endured, and she remained by his side through his struggles with AIDS, which he was diagnosed with in 1987. As he bravely fought the disease, Mercury chose to reveal his illness to the world shortly before his death in 1991, expressing the desire to do so on his own terms.
In his final days, Mercury entrusted Austin with the knowledge of where his ashes would be scattered, as he sought privacy in death. He left behind a significant portion of his estate to her, highlighting their enduring connection. After his passing, it was confirmed that Mary carried out his wishes, scattering his ashes in a secret location, as he had requested.
Freddie Mercury’s legacy continues to shine brightly, and his wish for eternal rest in solitude has been honored by the one person who knew him best. We remember him fondly, knowing that his spirit lives on in the music that inspires generations.
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